by the sweat of thy brow - vertaling naar
![As [[James Gillray]], the artist of this 1797 etching, died in 1815, his works are in the [[public domain]] throughout the world. However, under the "sweat of the brow" doctrine, new copyright claims could be made over mechanical reproductions of the etching, due to the skill and labour involved in the reproduction.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/'The feast of reason, and the flow of soul,' - ie - the wits of the age, setting the table in a roar by James Gillray (cropped).jpg?width=200 "As [[James Gillray]], the artist of this 1797 etching, died in 1815, his works are in the [[public domain]] throughout the world. However, under the \"sweat of the brow\" doctrine, new copyright claims could be made over mechanical reproductions of the etching, due to the skill and labour involved in the reproduction.")
![[[Hupa]] Indian underground building covered with wood plank roof and surrounded by a wall of large rocks](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hupa Sweat House.jpg?width=200 "[[Hupa]] Indian underground building covered with wood plank roof and surrounded by a wall of large rocks")
Wikipedia
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Sweat of the brow is an intellectual property law doctrine that is chiefly related to copyright law. According to this doctrine, an author gains rights through simple diligence during the creation of a work, such as a database, or a directory. Substantial creativity or "originality" is not required.
Under a "sweat of the brow" doctrine, the creator of a work, even if it is completely unoriginal, is entitled to have that effort and expense protected; no one else may use such a work without permission, but must instead recreate the work by independent research or effort. The classic example is a telephone directory. In a "sweat of the brow" jurisdiction, such a directory may not be copied, but instead a competitor must independently collect the information to issue a competing directory. The same rule generally applies to databases and lists of facts.
According to the Databases Directive 96/9/EC, member states of the EU are obliged to confer protection known as the database right on non-original databases, that is on those that embody no creativity, but are a consequence of substantial investment (financial, labour etc.).
